The CIA triad is a model that represents three fundamental principles of information security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. It is a framework designed to guide policies for information security within an organization.

1. Confidentiality: refers to the concept of preventing the disclosure of information to unauthorized parties. Confidentiality ensures that only authorized individuals or entities can access and view confidential or private information.
2. Integrity: refers to protecting the data from unauthorized alteration. Integrity ensures that data and systems are protected from unauthorized modification, tampering, or corruption.
3. Availability: refers to the property of a system or resource being accessible and usable by authorized users when needed. Availability ensures that information, systems, and services are consistently and reliably accessible to authorized users, without disruption or compromise.