White box testing and black box testing are two distinct approaches to software testing.
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In White Box testing, the tester can examine the source code, internal variables, and system architecture. The goal of white box testing is to ensure that the system's internal logic is working correctly, and all paths and conditions are tested thoroughly. |
In Black Box testing, the tester treats the system as a "black box" and focuses on examining the system's inputs and outputs, as well as its external behavior. The goal is to validate the system's functionality and ensure that it behaves as expected from a user's perspective. |
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Testing is based on internal structures, algorithms, and design. Test cases are designed to cover different branches, loops, and decision points. |
Testing is based on external requirements, specifications, or user documentation. Test cases are designed to cover various scenarios and validate functional requirements. |
Unit testing is typically considered a form of white box testing. In unit testing, individual units or components of the software, such as functions, methods, or classes, are tested in isolation. The tester has knowledge of the internal structure, design, and implementation details of the unit being tested. They can directly access the unit's code, variables, and logic.
Integration testing can involve elements of both white box testing and black box testing, depending on the specific approach and context of the testing. Integration testing is performed to verify the interactions and interfaces between different components or modules of a system when they are combined and tested as a group.
System testing is typically considered a form of black box testing. System testing focuses on testing the entire system as a whole, including all integrated components, to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and functions correctly from an end-user perspective.
Acceptance testing is typically considered a form of black box testing. It focuses on evaluating whether a system meets the business requirements and is ready for deployment and use by end-users. The primary goal of acceptance testing is to determine whether the system fulfills the specified criteria and satisfies the expectations of the stakeholders.